The ray (Rajiformes), a cartilaginous fish that represents an engaging challenge for sport fishermen, inhabits diverse marine environments and requires in-depth knowledge to be successfully caught. This fish with a flat body and distinctive shape adapts to different types of seabed and has specific eating habits that influence the most effective fishing techniques.

Ray Habitat

Rays are found in all oceans, from intertidal zones down to depths of 2,700 meters. They are most commonly found on the continental shelf, with greater diversity at high latitudes and in deep water. These fish prefer sandy and muddy bottoms, but also adapt to areas with debris and coralligenous substrate. Some species spend part of their lives in deltas and estuaries, in brackish waters, while a limited number have also colonized fresh waters. In Italy, several ray species are present in the Mediterranean Sea, particularly in the Adriatic Sea.

• Depth: From sea level up to 2,700 meters.
• Bottoms: Sandy, muddy, rocky, with debris and coralligenous substrate.
• Distribution: All oceans, with greater diversity at high latitudes and in deep water. Also present in deltas, estuaries and, in rare cases, fresh waters.

Baits for Catching Rays

Rays feed mainly on benthic invertebrates, such as crustaceans and mollusks, and larger species also feed on bony fish. Diet may vary by season and age. The most effective baits for ray fishing include:

• Crustaceans: Shrimp, crabs, and hermit crabs are very palatable natural baits.
• Mollusks: Squid, cuttlefish, and octopus, both fresh and frozen, can attract rays.
• Fish: Small fish such as sardines, anchovies, or mackerel can be used as bait, especially for larger ray species.
• Worm: it is a bait that can be used by cutting it into small pieces.

Fishing Techniques for Catching Rays

Ray fishing requires the use of specific techniques to reach the bottom and present the bait effectively. Some of the most common techniques are:

• Bottom fishing: Using a weight to keep the bait on the bottom and a leader with one or more hooks. It is important to use robust equipment to cope with the bulk of some ray species.
• Ledgering: A technique similar to bottom fishing, but with the use of a more sensitive rod to perceive delicate bites.
• Bottom trolling: Trolling a natural or artificial bait at low speed near the bottom.
• Longline: Using a mother line with numerous baited hooks, lowered to the bottom.

It is important to note that some ray species are protected and their fishing is prohibited or regulated. Before embarking on ray fishing, it is essential to inquire about local regulations and respect minimum sizes and fishing bans to ensure the conservation of these species.